od

od [options] [file] [[+] offset[. | b]]

Octal dump; produce a dump (normally octal) of the named file. file is displayed from its beginning, unless you specify an offset (normally in octal bytes). In the descriptions below, a "word" is a 16-bit unit.

Options

-b

Display bytes as octal.

-c

Display bytes as ASCII.

-d

Display words as unsigned decimal.

-D

Display 32-bit words as unsigned decimal.

-f

Display 32-bit words as floating point.

-F

Display 64-bit words as extended precision.

-o

Display words as unsigned octal (the default).

-O

Display 32-bit words as unsigned octal.

-s

Display words as signed decimal.

-S

Display 32-bit words as signed decimal.

-v

Verbose; show all data. Duplicate lines print as *.

-x

Display words as hexadecimal.

-X

Display 32-bit words as hexadecimal.

+

Required before offset if file isn't specified.

Modifiers for offset

.

offset value is decimal.

b

offset value is 512-byte blocks.